Ionic bond

 

"Transfer of electrons from the metal atoms to the non metal atom forming a positive ions and negative ions which gets attracted due to  electrostatic forces forms a chemical bond called as ionic bond."

➡Ionic bond was proposed by Kossel.

➡Since bond is formed due to electrostatic force, ionic bond is also called as electrostatic Bond.

➡Transfer of electrons from atom of one element to the atom of other element takes place in ionic bond.

➡Highly reactive metals  like alkali metals of group 1A and highly reactive nonmetal like halogens of group 7A usually participate in ionic bond.

➡Ionic bond is formed between atoms of elements with electronegativity difference equal to or greater than 1.9

➡Here  in ionic bond formation either  atom will lose electrons or the atom will gain electrons to attain octet in valence shell.

➡This tendency of losing electrons to form cations or gaining electrons to form anions depend on the following factors:

1. Atomic size

2. Ionisation potential

3. Electron affinity

4. Electronegativity

➡Atoms of elements with high ionization potential, high electron affinity ,small atomic size , high electronegativity form anions.

➡Elements with low ionization energy, low electron affinity, high atomic size and low electronegativity form cations.